A recent study conducted by WaterCAN has revealed serious concerns about water safety in South African schools, with almost half of the tested samples deemed unsafe for consumption. The study was part of WaterCAN’s “Water Warriors” citizen science initiative, which trained learners and teachers at 95 schools across eight provinces to collect and test water samples. Of the 53 schools that submitted test results, a startling 43% of samples failed basic safety standards, primarily due to bacterial contamination.
The most alarming findings came from JoJo tanks and natural sources like rivers, where 73% and 66% of samples, respectively, were found to be contaminated. Even piped tap water—typically seen as more reliable—showed worrying signs, with 23% of those samples testing positive for harmful bacteria such as E. coli. Chemical pollutants like nitrates and chlorine were mostly within acceptable limits, but some samples recorded irregular pH levels and elevated phosphate concentrations, indicating possible upstream pollution or inadequate treatment.
WaterCAN’s director, Dr. Ferrial Adam, called the findings “deeply concerning,” pointing out that many schools rely on tanks or boreholes without regular testing or maintenance. She stressed that unsafe water is not only a health hazard but also an education and gender equity issue, particularly affecting girls’ attendance during menstruation due to lack of proper hygiene facilities.
These findings mirror earlier research in provinces like Limpopo, where a 2020 study discovered widespread microbial contamination in school groundwater sources. In some schools, the risk of infection from bacteria like Shigella and Salmonella was estimated to be as high as 83% annually.
The Water Warriors project also demonstrated the power of citizen science. Learners played an active role in data collection and analysis, helping raise awareness in their communities. However, while these grassroots efforts are vital, Dr. Adam emphasized that systemic government action is urgently needed. Schools must be equipped not just with water tanks, but with regular water quality monitoring, proper filtration systems, and hygiene education.
In a country where many schools still lack basic sanitation, the study has triggered calls for the Department of Basic Education and the Department of Water and Sanitation to urgently prioritize WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) infrastructure. Clean water is a basic right—and essential for safe, dignified learning environments across South Africa.
