The recent declaration by Libya’s Government of National Unity (GNU) that it has secured full control over the capital, Tripoli, marks a significant development in the country’s ongoing struggle for stability. This assertion of authority follows a series of intense clashes between rival militias, notably the 444th Infantry Brigade and the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA), leading to a shift in the balance of power within the capital.
The catalyst for the recent violence was the assassination of Abdel Ghani al-Kikli, the leader of the SSA, in a targeted ambush on May 12, 2025. His death ignited a wave of retaliatory attacks, resulting in at least six fatalities and widespread unrest across Tripoli. The 444th Brigade, aligned with Prime Minister Abdulhamid Dbeibah’s government, swiftly capitalized on the power vacuum, seizing key territories, including the Abu Salim district, from the SSA.
In response to the escalating violence, the GNU has initiated measures to reassert control and restore order. The Interior Ministry has launched a strategic plan aimed at organizing police security deployment within Tripoli. This plan involves the withdrawal of security and military brigades to their designated headquarters, the establishment of security checkpoints by the Ministry of Interior, and the assignment of public building security exclusively to official forces.
The United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) has expressed grave concern over the recent escalation, urging all parties to cease hostilities and prioritize the protection of civilians. The UN emphasizes that attacks targeting civilians may constitute war crimes and has called for immediate measures to prevent further harm .
Despite these efforts, Tripoli remains a city deeply divided by militia allegiances and political loyalties. The Special Deterrence Force (Rada), another significant faction, continues to control parts of the capital, including Mitiga International Airport, indicating that the GNU’s claim of full control is yet to be universally acknowledged.
The recent developments underscore the fragile nature of authority in Tripoli and the broader challenges facing Libya as it strives for national unity and stability. While the GNU’s actions represent a step toward consolidating power, the persistence of armed groups and the complex political landscape suggest that lasting peace remains elusive.
