The World Health Organization (WHO) recently confirmed that at least eight people have died in Tanzania due to a suspected outbreak of the Marburg virus, a rare and deadly disease closely related to Ebola. The outbreak, which has raised alarm across the region, was initially detected in the western part of Tanzania in late January 2025. While the exact origins of the outbreak remain under investigation, the WHO and Tanzanian health authorities have responded swiftly to contain the spread of the virus.
Marburg virus disease (MVD) is caused by the Marburg virus, which belongs to the same family as the Ebola virus. It is a highly contagious and fatal disease, characterized by symptoms that include fever, severe headache, muscle pain, vomiting, and in many cases, bleeding from various parts of the body. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids from infected individuals, as well as exposure to contaminated surfaces and materials.
According to the WHO, the eight confirmed deaths occurred in a remote area in the northwest of Tanzania, where local health officials had reported a cluster of unexplained illnesses. The Tanzanian Ministry of Health confirmed the deaths, and subsequent tests conducted by the country’s health authorities, along with international experts, revealed that the Marburg virus was likely the cause of the outbreak. Several other individuals have been identified as contacts of the deceased and are being closely monitored for symptoms.
In response to the outbreak, Tanzanian authorities have implemented strict containment measures, including the establishment of quarantine zones, the deployment of medical teams to the affected areas, and the mobilization of resources to provide treatment to those at risk. The WHO, along with other international partners, has been providing technical assistance, offering guidance on surveillance, diagnosis, and infection control measures.
Marburg outbreaks are rare but are highly lethal when they occur. The most significant outbreak in recent history occurred in West Africa in 2014, and smaller outbreaks have been reported in other parts of Africa. The virus is believed to be primarily transmitted from animals, particularly bats, to humans. However, human-to-human transmission is a major concern once an outbreak begins, especially in areas with inadequate healthcare infrastructure.
The ongoing outbreak in Tanzania has prompted concerns about the spread of the virus to neighboring countries. The WHO has urged countries in the region to strengthen their surveillance systems, increase public awareness, and prepare for the possibility of more cases. While there is no specific treatment or vaccine for Marburg virus, supportive care, such as rehydration and symptom management, can improve survival rates.
As the situation unfolds, Tanzanian authorities, with the support of the international community, are working to contain the outbreak and prevent further loss of life. Public health experts continue to monitor the situation closely, emphasizing the need for swift action to halt the spread of this deadly virus.