On February 8, 2025, a summit of African leaders convened to address the escalating conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The summit directed army chiefs from the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to meet within five days to provide technical guidance on enforcing a ceasefire and facilitating humanitarian assistance.
Background of the Conflict
The conflict in the DRC’s eastern region has intensified, particularly with the advance of the M23 rebel group, which captured Goma in January 2025. The M23, reportedly supported by Rwanda, has been accused of committing human rights violations, including executions and sexual violence. In response, the DRC government has initiated trials for at least 75 soldiers accused of fleeing the M23 and committing violent acts such as murder and looting.
Summit Outcomes
The summit emphasized the necessity of direct negotiations among all parties, including the M23 rebels. Leaders called for an immediate ceasefire and the restoration of supply lines to alleviate the humanitarian crisis. The summit also directed the army chiefs to provide technical direction on implementing the ceasefire, securing Goma, and reopening critical supply routes.
Regional and International Reactions
Rwandan President Paul Kagame criticized the deployment of SADC peacekeepers, claiming they aggravated the conflict. Kenyan President William Ruto emphasized that dialogue is vital for resolving the situation. The summit’s call for direct talks with the M23 rebels reflects a shift towards diplomatic engagement in resolving the conflict.
Current Status
Following the summit, an uneasy calm has been reported in the eastern DRC. However, sporadic fighting continues, particularly around Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu province. The success of the summit’s directives depends on the cooperation of all parties involved and the effective implementation of the ceasefire.
The summit’s outcomes underscore the regional commitment to resolving the DRC conflict through dialogue and cooperation, aiming to bring lasting peace to the region.
