Sam Nujoma, Namibia’s first president and a central figure in the nation’s liberation struggle, passed away on February 8, 2025, at the age of 95. His death marks the end of an era for Namibia, as he was instrumental in leading the country to independence from apartheid South Africa in 1990 and served as its first democratically elected president until 2005.
Early Life and Struggle for Independence
Born on May 12, 1929, in the village of Etunda in the Omusati Region of Namibia, Sam Nujoma was the eldest of eleven children. His early life was marked by traditional farming and herding cattle. Despite limited formal education, he attended a Finnish missionary school at Okahao and later worked as a cleaner for the South African Railways in Windhoek, where he attended night classes to improve his English.
In the 1950s, Nujoma became involved in the struggle against colonial rule and apartheid. He was a founding member of the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO) in 1960, which later became the leading liberation movement in Namibia. Nujoma led SWAPO’s armed wing, the People’s Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN), in a guerrilla war against South African rule.
Presidency and Nation-Building
Following Namibia’s independence in 1990, Nujoma was elected as the country’s first president. During his 15-year tenure, he focused on nation-building, promoting national reconciliation, and establishing democratic institutions. His leadership was pivotal in guiding Namibia through its transition to democracy and stability.
Nujoma’s presidency was also marked by his strong stance against Western influence and his support for Pan-Africanism. He maintained close ties with countries like Cuba, Russia, and China, while also engaging with Western nations. His advocacy for women’s advancement was notable, culminating in Namibia electing its first female president.
Legacy and Controversies
While Nujoma is celebrated as the “Founding Father of the Namibian Nation,” his legacy is complex. He was known for his anti-Western rhetoric and controversial statements on issues such as AIDS and homosexuality. His leadership style was sometimes characterized as autocratic, including a constitutional amendment for a third presidential term and the suppression of opposition movements.
Despite these controversies, Nujoma’s role in Namibia’s liberation and his contributions to its independence are undeniable. His passing has prompted an outpouring of tributes from leaders across Africa and the world, reflecting his significant impact on the continent’s history.
Conclusion
Sam Nujoma’s death at 95 marks the end of a significant chapter in Namibia’s history. His leadership in the fight for independence and his role in shaping the nation’s early years are integral to understanding Namibia’s journey. As the country mourns his passing, it reflects on his enduring legacy and the complex history of its liberation struggle.
